Psycho-Oncology

21.03.2024

PSYCHIATRIC PROBLEMS IN CANCER PATIENTS: PSYCHO-ONCOLOGY

Psycho-oncology refers to the integration of psychological, social and behavioral sciences with the field of cancer to support cancer patients, their families and individuals struggling with cancer. This discipline aims to understand and intervene in the psychological and emotional effects of cancer diagnosis and treatment. Psycho-oncology addresses patients' mental health needs and emotional problems such as anxiety, depression and stress during the diagnosis, treatment and recovery processes. It also works to improve the quality of life of cancer patients, develop strategies for coping with the disease, and strengthen social support systems. Psycho-oncology requires a multidisciplinary approach and encourages collaboration between oncologists, nurses, psychologists, social workers and other health professionals. This field emphasizes the importance of a holistic approach that encompasses not only the physical but also the emotional and psychological dimensions of cancer treatment.

Image 1: Many different psychiatric problems can be seen in individuals diagnosed with cancer. The diagnosis and treatment process is carried out by a psychiatrist.

Cancer patients and their families may experience various psychiatric problems throughout the diagnosis and treatment process. These problems may vary depending on factors such as the severity of the disease, the duration and severity of treatment, the patient's personal resilience, and the strength of the family's support system.

Common psychiatric problems that cancer patients and their families may encounter:

Anxiety: Uncertainty, concerns about the future, and changes in health status during the cancer diagnosis and treatment process can cause anxiety.

Depression: The physical and emotional burden of the disease can lead to symptoms of depression such as feeling worthless, hopelessness, and extreme sadness.

Stress and Stress-Related Disorders: The stress of the treatment process can cause sleep disturbances, irritability, and other emotional and physical reactions associated with intense stress.

Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD): A cancer diagnosis can be a traumatic experience for some patients, which can cause symptoms of PTSD.

Mourning and Loss: Patients and their families may experience grief due to changes in health status, lifestyle changes, and potential losses.

Social Isolation and Loneliness: The disease can lead to a decrease in social activities and changes in friendships, which can lead to feelings of social isolation and loneliness.

Self-Insecurity and Self-Esteem Problems: Physical changes, decreased functionality and loss of independence can lead to self-esteem and self-confidence problems.

Attachment and Relational Issues: The disease can strain relationships between the patient and family members, leading to conflicts and attachment problems.

Cognitive Disorders:Known as “chemo brain,” treatment-related cognitive dysfunction can cause problems such as memory and concentration problems.

Financial and Work Concerns: The cost of treatment and time away from work can lead to financial hardship and career concerns.

Decrease in Social Functioning: Cancer can negatively affect the social functions and relationships of patients and their families.

Management of these psychiatric problems is critical to the overall well-being and quality of life of cancer patients and their families. Interventions such as psychological support, counseling and, if necessary, medication can help overcome these difficulties.

Image 2: Different methods such as psychotherapy and drug treatments can be applied to solve psychiatric problems experienced during the cancer diagnosis and treatment process.

TREATMENTS

Various methods can be used to treat psychiatric problems experienced by cancer patients and their families:

Psychotherapy: Individual or group therapy provides emotional support and helps patients and their families express their feelings.

Medication: Antidepressants and anti-anxiety medications may be prescribed for conditions such as depression and anxiety.

Support Groups: Support groups designed specifically for cancer patients and their families offer the opportunity to share similar experiences and provide mutual support.

Relaxation Techniques: Relaxation techniques such as meditation, breathing exercises and yoga can help manage stress.

Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise, a healthy diet and adequate sleep can have positive effects on overall health and mood.

These treatments are customized to the needs of patients and their families and often require a multidisciplinary approach. Psychological support and appropriate treatments can significantly improve the quality of life of cancer patients and their families.