Musculoskeletal System Side Effects
21.03.2024
MUSCLE SKELETAL SYSTEM SIDE EFFECTS IN CANCER TREATMENT
During cancer treatment, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and some targeted treatments may affect the musculoskeletal system and cause various side effects. These side effects include muscle weakness, decreased bone density, osteoporosis and bone pain. Chemotherapy can reduce the body's ability to maintain muscle mass and strength, which can lead to fatigue and weakness. Radiotherapy, especially when applied to bone tissue close to the treated area, may increase the risk of fracture by reducing bone density. Additionally, some cancer drugs, especially aromatase inhibitors and androgen deprivation therapy, may contribute to osteoporosis and the development of osteoporosis. Such side effects can significantly affect patients' daily activities and quality of life. Regular exercise, balanced nutrition, and calcium and vitamin D supplements if necessary are important to maintain muscle and bone health. Additionally, physiotherapy and rehabilitation programs may be effective in managing these side effects. Maintaining the health of the musculoskeletal system during and after cancer treatment is critical to overall well-being and recovery.
Image 1: During the cancer treatment process, musculoskeletal system side effects may occur in many different areas depending on the spread of the disease or the drugs used in the treatment.
Examples of drugs that may cause musculoskeletal side effects in cancer treatment:
Aromatase Inhibitors (Anastrozole, Letrozole): It can cause joint and muscle pain.
Androgen Deprivation Therapy (Leuprolide): Muscle weakness can lead to osteoporosis.
Bisphosphonates (Zoledronic acid): It causes jaw osteonecrosis and muscle-bone pain.
Immunotherapies (Pembrolizumab): Muscle weakness may lead to arthralgia.
Platinum-Based Drugs (Cisplatin):It can cause muscle cramps and arthralgia
The effects of cancer treatment on the musculoskeletal system and the management of these side effects vary depending on the type of treatment and the individual's general health status.
TYPES OF SIDE EFFECTS
Muscle Weakness and Atrophy: Chemotherapy and long-term bed rest can cause decreased muscle strength and mass. Symptoms such as muscle weakness, decreased endurance, and decreased physical activity capacity may be observed.
Osteoporosis: Some cancer treatments (for example, hormone treatments) can lead to decreased bone density. Bone pain, easy bone fractures and shortening in height may be detected.
Arthralgia and Myalgia: Joint pain and muscle aches are common side effects of some cancer treatments. There may be symptoms such as joint pain, muscle stiffness and limitation of movement.
Bone Metastases: Some types of cancer, especially breast and prostate cancer, can metastasize to bones. Chronic pain, increased risk of fracture and decreased bone strength may occur.
Image 2: One of the most important side effects that impair the quality of life during cancer treatment is pain in any part of the body.
TREATMENT METHODS
Physical Therapy and Rehabilitation: Individualized exercise programs can be applied to increase muscle strength and flexibility. Regular physical activity may be beneficial to prevent muscle atrophy and increase functional capacity.
Nutritional Support:Adequate protein and calorie intake is necessary to maintain muscle mass and support bone health. A diet rich in calcium and vitamin D may be beneficial to support bone health.
Medication:Bisphosphonates and other bone-strengthening medications can be taken for osteoporosis. Anti-inflammatory drugs and painkillers can be used for joint and muscle pain.
Lifestyle Changes: Regular exercise and active lifestyle are necessary. Avoiding smoking and alcohol use has a positive effect on bone health.
Psychological support: Psychological support and counseling may be useful to cope with chronic pain and limitation of movement.
Regular Medical Follow-up: Regular evaluation of bone density and monitoring of risk factors is necessary.
Bone Health Education: Providing education to patients and their caregivers about bone health and prevention methods is important during the treatment process.
The effects of cancer treatment on the musculoskeletal system can significantly impact patients' quality of life and recovery from cancer. Therefore, it is of great importance to proactively manage these side effects and raise patients' awareness about them. A multidisciplinary approach and individualized treatment plans play a critical role in mitigating these side effects and preserving patients' overall well-being.